Bipolar: What Are Treatments, Causes & Symptoms?

What is Bipolar?

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These mood episodes can dramatically affect a person’s energy levels, activity, judgment, behavior, and ability to function.

Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, but with proper treatment and support, individuals can manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives. It’s important to note that everyone’s experience with bipolar disorder is unique, and the severity and frequency of mood episodes can vary widely between individuals.

Signs & Symptoms of Bipolar

The primary feature of bipolar disorder is the alternation between manic (or hypomanic) episodes and depressive episodes. These episodes can last for days, weeks, or even months. Some people may experience symptoms of both mania and depression simultaneously, known as a mixed episode.

If you’re concerned about bipolar symptoms in yourself or a loved one, it’s crucial to seek professional help. Consider exploring options like online therapists or consulting with a healthcare provider. Here are the key symptoms to look out for:

• Manic Episode Symptoms:
  • Increased energy, activity, and restlessness
  • Euphoric mood or extreme irritability
  • Racing thoughts and rapid speech
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Poor judgment and impulsivity
  • Grandiose beliefs
• Depressive Episode Symptoms:
  • Persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood
  • Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
  • Decreased energy and fatigue
  • Difficulty concentrating and making decisions
  • Changes in sleep patterns
  • Thoughts of death or suicide

Different Types of Bipolar

Bipolar disorder is not a one-size-fits-all diagnosis. There are several types of bipolar disorder, each characterized by the pattern and severity of manic and depressive episodes. Understanding these different types can help in recognizing symptoms and seeking appropriate treatment.

It’s important to note that symptoms can vary in intensity and duration, and some people may experience symptoms that don’t fit neatly into these categories. A mental health professional can provide a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

1. Bipolar I Disorder: Characterized by manic episodes that last at least 7 days or severe manic symptoms requiring immediate hospital care. Depressive episodes typically last at least 2 weeks.
2. Bipolar II Disorder: Defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, but not the full-blown manic episodes seen in Bipolar I.
3. Cyclothymic Disorder: Involves periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years, but less severe than full-blown mania or depression.
4. Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: These categories are used for bipolar disorders that don’t match the three main subtypes.

How is Bipolar Diagnosed?

Diagnosing bipolar disorder can be challenging because its symptoms can vary widely and may resemble other mental health conditions. A comprehensive evaluation by a mental health professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis.

The diagnostic process often involves several steps and may take place over an extended period to observe mood patterns. Here’s an overview of how bipolar disorder is typically diagnosed:

1. Physical Exam: To rule out other health issues that might be causing symptoms.
2. Psychiatric Assessment: A thorough evaluation of thoughts, feelings, and behavior patterns.
3. Mood Charting: Keeping a daily record of moods, sleep patterns, and other symptoms.
4. Criteria Evaluation: Using the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria for bipolar disorder.
5. Family History Review: As bipolar disorder can run in families, a family history of mood disorders is often considered.

Types of Treatment for Bipolar

Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, but it can be effectively managed with proper treatment. The goal of treatment is to stabilize mood swings, reduce the severity and frequency of manic and depressive episodes, and improve overall functioning and quality of life.

Treatment for bipolar disorder typically involves a combination of approaches, tailored to the individual’s specific needs and symptoms. It’s crucial to work closely with a mental health professional to develop and adjust the treatment plan as needed. Here are the main types of treatment for bipolar disorder:

• Medications: Including mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants.
• Psychotherapy: Various forms of talk therapy to address thought patterns and behaviors.
• Psychoeducation: Learning about bipolar disorder to better manage it.
• Lifestyle Changes: Including regular sleep patterns, stress management, and avoiding triggers.
• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): For severe cases that don’t respond to other treatments.
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): A newer treatment option for depression in bipolar disorder.

Different Therapy Approaches for Bipolar

Psychotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of bipolar disorder, complementing medication and helping individuals manage their symptoms more effectively. Different therapeutic approaches can help people with bipolar disorder understand their condition, identify triggers, develop coping strategies, and improve their relationships and overall quality of life.

The choice of therapy often depends on the individual’s specific needs, symptoms, and preferences. Many therapists use an integrative approach, combining elements from different therapeutic modalities. Here are some common therapy approaches used in treating bipolar disorder:

1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with mood episodes.
2. Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT): Focuses on stabilizing daily rhythms and improving interpersonal relationships.
3. Family-Focused Therapy: Involves family members in treatment to improve family functioning and support.
4. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Teaches skills for emotion regulation and distress tolerance.
5. Psychoeducation: Provides information about bipolar disorder to help individuals better manage their condition.
6. Group Therapy: Offers support and shared experiences with others who have bipolar disorder.