What is Interpersonal Therapy?

Core Concepts of Interpersonal Therapy

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) is a time-limited, focused approach to the treatment of mood disorders, particularly depression. Developed in the 1970s by Gerald Klerman and Myrna Weissman, IPT is based on the principle that there is a strong connection between our mental health and the quality of our interpersonal relationships. The therapy aims to improve the patient’s interpersonal relationships and social functioning to help reduce their distress.

IPT focuses on the present rather than the past, emphasizing current relationships and social roles. It helps individuals identify and address interpersonal issues that may be contributing to their psychological distress. By improving communication skills, expressing emotions effectively, and learning to build a strong support network, patients can often experience significant improvements in their mood and overall well-being.

• Focus on interpersonal relationships and social roles
• Time-limited approach (typically 12-16 weeks)
• Emphasis on current issues rather than past experiences
• Identification of interpersonal problem areas
• Improvement of communication skills
• Development of social support networks
• Connection between mood and interpersonal events
• Structured and goal-oriented treatment

How does Interpersonal Therapy work?

Interpersonal Therapy works by helping individuals understand the connection between their mood and their interpersonal relationships. The therapist and client work together to identify specific interpersonal problem areas and develop strategies to address these issues. IPT typically consists of three phases: an initial phase where the therapist assesses the client’s interpersonal relationships and identifies problem areas, a middle phase focused on addressing these problems, and a termination phase that reinforces the client’s progress and prepares them for the end of therapy.

During the course of treatment, the therapist may use various techniques such as communication analysis, role-playing, and encouragement of affect to help the client improve their interpersonal skills and relationships. While online therapists can effectively deliver IPT, the personal nature of this therapy often benefits from face-to-face interactions. However, the increasing availability of video-based online therapy platforms has made IPT more accessible to those who may not have easy access to in-person therapy.

• Initial assessment of interpersonal relationships
• Identification of one or more problem areas (grief, role disputes, role transitions, interpersonal deficits)
• Development of a treatment contract and goals
• Focus on improving communication skills
• Exploration of emotions related to interpersonal situations
• Role-playing to practice new interpersonal strategies
• Encouragement of developing and utilizing social support
• Regular review of progress and adjustment of goals
• Preparation for the end of therapy and maintenance of gains

Who does Interpersonal Therapy work for?

Interpersonal Therapy was initially developed to treat depression in adults, but its application has expanded over the years. It has been found to be effective for a range of mood disorders and other mental health conditions, particularly those with a strong interpersonal component. IPT is suitable for individuals of various age groups, from adolescents to older adults, and can be adapted for different cultural contexts.

Research has shown that IPT can be as effective as medication for treating depression in many cases, and it may be particularly beneficial for individuals who prefer a non-pharmacological approach or for whom medication is not suitable. While IPT is primarily used for mood disorders, it has also shown promise in treating other conditions where interpersonal factors play a significant role in the development or maintenance of symptoms.

• Major Depressive Disorder
• Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder)
• Bipolar Disorder (particularly during depressive episodes)
• Postpartum Depression
• Eating Disorders (e.g., Bulimia Nervosa)
• Anxiety Disorders (particularly those with social components)
• Adolescents with depression
• Older adults dealing with late-life depression
• Individuals going through significant life transitions
• Those experiencing relationship conflicts or difficulties
• People struggling with grief or loss
• Individuals with interpersonal sensitivity or difficulty in social situations